3-Phenylbutyric acid isolates Rhodococcus rhodochrous PB1 from compost soil and is metabolized by initial oxidation of the benzene ring and by initial oxidation of the side chain.

IM-156 acetate, an activator of NADH dehydrogenase (IC50=2.2 μM) and AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα), is an orally available and bioavailable inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos).

1-Methyluric acid acts on the urinary bladder mucosa and increases blood glucose, triglyceride, insulin, and cholesterol levels.